Grammar: Imperfect tense

The Imperfect verb tense (l’imparfait) in French is used to express continuous action in the past.

If we use the English verb “to give” as an example, the meanings of the French Imperfect version of this verb would be “I was giving,” “I used to give,” “I kept on giving,” or even “I gave.” There is some slight overlap with the Passé Composé tense in French, but we will discuss that in a future post.

How to form the Imperfect

  1. Start with the “nous” form of the verb. Eg for the verb “aller” (to go), start with “nous allons” (we go).
  2. Remove the “-ons” part from the verb itself. This leaves you with the imperfect stem (“all-“).
  3. Add the appropriate imperfect ending. For je, it is “-ais.” For tu, it is also “-ais.” For il/elle, it is “ait.” For nous, it is “ions.” For vous, it is “iez.” And for ils/elles, it is “aient.”
PersonImperfect stemEndingResultEnglish
jeall--aisj’allaisI was going, used to go, kept on going, went
tuall--aistu allaisyou were going, used to go, kept on going, went
il/elleall--aitil allaithe was going, used to go, kept on going, went
nousall--ionsnous allionswe were going, used to go, kept on going, went
vousall--iezvous alliezyou were going, used to go, kept on going, went
ilsall--aientils allaientthey were going, used to go, kept on going, went

Quick & dirty method

  1. Go to the “vous” form of the verb (eg “vous allez” – you go)
  2. Substitute “je,” “tu,” “il,” “elle,” “ça,” “on,” “ils” or “ils” for the word “vous”
  3. This leaves you with something that sounds like “je allez” which becomes “j’allais”
    • There is a slight pronunciation difference, but it is not critical for beginners
  4. The only other things you need to know are that the “nous” form ends in “ions” and the “vous” form ends in “iez.” (“nous allions” – we were going, “vous alliez” – you were going).

Don’t miss out on new posts – subscribe now!

Don’t miss new articles!

Get 1 email a week with new articles about French

We don’t spam! Read more in our privacy policy

Similar Posts

  • passé récent + imparfait

    The construction venir de + infinitive expresses an action that has just happened. When venir is in the imperfect, the speaker places this recent action in a past narrative frame, often to set background context or to describe what was true at a specific moment in the past. Grammatical structure: Core meaning Je venais d’acheter…

  • passer l’éponge

    Passer l’éponge means literally to pass the sponge, but in slightly better English it would be to wipe the sponge. The English saying it most closely resembles would be “to wipe the slate clean.” It means to restart from zero, to forgive, or to forget disagreeable acts. The expression dates back to the start of…

  • les chiens aboient et la caravane passe

    The French saying “les chiens aboient et la caravane passe” translates literally as “the dogs bark and the caravan passes.” What it really means is “your insults don’t reach me,” or “I am sure of myself and you cannot prove otherwise.” The saying is originally of Arabic origin. In the Middle East and in North…

  • mine de rien

    “Mine de rien” is a popular French expression that is used in everyday conversations. Literally translated, it means “appearance of nothing,” “expression of nothing,” or “look of nothing,” but its true meaning goes beyond its literal interpretation. This expression is often used to describe someone’s behavior or attitude when they are doing something in a…

  • cuiller/cuillère

    The French word “la cuiller” means “the spoon.” It can also be spelled “la cuillère,” which is a spelling that more accurately reflects its pronunciation (KWEE YAIR). Both spellings are accepted in modern French. The spelling of “la cuillère” has recently become more popular, however, due to its more logical connection with standard French phonetics…

  • en catimini

    “En catimini” is a French expression that means furtively, stealthily, on the sly or discreetly. It dates back to the second half of the 14th century. The word “catimini” is often linked to the Greek word “katamenia” which means menstruation. The idea being that women of the era kept their menstrual status largely to themselves….