Grammar: Imperfect tense

The Imperfect verb tense (l’imparfait) in French is used to express continuous action in the past.

If we use the English verb “to give” as an example, the meanings of the French Imperfect version of this verb would be “I was giving,” “I used to give,” “I kept on giving,” or even “I gave.” There is some slight overlap with the Passé Composé tense in French, but we will discuss that in a future post.

How to form the Imperfect

  1. Start with the “nous” form of the verb. Eg for the verb “aller” (to go), start with “nous allons” (we go).
  2. Remove the “-ons” part from the verb itself. This leaves you with the imperfect stem (“all-“).
  3. Add the appropriate imperfect ending. For je, it is “-ais.” For tu, it is also “-ais.” For il/elle, it is “ait.” For nous, it is “ions.” For vous, it is “iez.” And for ils/elles, it is “aient.”
PersonImperfect stemEndingResultEnglish
jeall--aisj’allaisI was going, used to go, kept on going, went
tuall--aistu allaisyou were going, used to go, kept on going, went
il/elleall--aitil allaithe was going, used to go, kept on going, went
nousall--ionsnous allionswe were going, used to go, kept on going, went
vousall--iezvous alliezyou were going, used to go, kept on going, went
ilsall--aientils allaientthey were going, used to go, kept on going, went

Quick & dirty method

  1. Go to the “vous” form of the verb (eg “vous allez” – you go)
  2. Substitute “je,” “tu,” “il,” “elle,” “ça,” “on,” “ils” or “ils” for the word “vous”
  3. This leaves you with something that sounds like “je allez” which becomes “j’allais”
    • There is a slight pronunciation difference, but it is not critical for beginners
  4. The only other things you need to know are that the “nous” form ends in “ions” and the “vous” form ends in “iez.” (“nous allions” – we were going, “vous alliez” – you were going).

Don’t miss out on new posts – subscribe now!

Don’t miss new articles!

Get 1 email a week with new articles about French

We don’t spam! Read more in our privacy policy

Similar Posts

  • phoque

    “Un phoque” is a French masculine noun meaning “a seal,” referring to the marine mammal. Idiomatic expressions Etymology The word “phoque” is derived from the Latin “phoca,” a feminine noun meaning “seal.” Its first surviving recorded usage in French was in 1532, when it was spelled “focque.” By 1573 its spelling had changed to “phoque”…

  • verb: craindre

    Meanings of “Craindre”: The French verb “craindre” primarily translates to “to fear” or “to be afraid.” However, its meanings extend beyond mere fear, encompassing a spectrum of related emotions: Conjugation in Present and Passé Composé: “Craindre” belongs to the third group of French verbs, which are often irregular in their conjugations. Here is how “craindre”…

  • chargé

    The French adjective “chargé” has several meanings and can be used in various contexts. Amongst others, it can mean “loaded,” “busy,” “charged” and “heavy.” Here are some usage examples: Etymology of “charger”

  • devoir details

    The French verb “devoir” means “to have to” or “must.” An earlier post looked at “devoir” in a general sense. Let’s examine a few specific aspects of “devoir” that are indispensable for reading and talking in French. Past participle The past participle of “devoir” is “dû.” Unlike the past participles of “avoir, savoir, vouloir, pouvoir,…

  • verb: fondre

    The French verb “fondre” means “to melt,” along with a host of other meanings. It’s a useful verb to know if you’re heading into summer temperatures. “Fondre” can mean “to melt,” “to melt down,” “to thaw,” “to thaw out,” “to cast,” “to dissolve,” “to melt away,” “to waste away,” “to soften,” or when used reflexively,…