sur & sous
Sur and sous are common French prepositions. They often translate as on and under. Start with place, then learn a few key extended uses. Sur Alternatives to sur Sous Alternatives to sous Sur vs sous side by side Summary
-
-
jusqu’à
Jusqu’à is a common French preposition meaning “until,” “up to,” or “as far as,” depending on context. It expresses a limit in time, space, quantity, or extent. Its form changes slightly when combined with certain words, producing variants such as jusqu’au, jusqu’aux, jusqu’en, and jusqu’à ce que. 1. Temporal use: “until” When referring to time,…
-
according to
In French, the most common translations for “according to” are selon and d’après. While they are often interchangeable, there are subtle differences in usage and tone. Other alternatives include suivant and conformément à, depending on context. Selon Etymology: The word selon comes from Old French selonc, derived from the Latin secundum, meaning “following” or “in…
-
malgré
The French word malgré is a preposition meaning “despite” or “in spite of.” It is used to express contrast or opposition between two ideas. Malgré is always followed by a noun, pronoun, or noun phrase, and it is commonly used in both written and spoken French. Basic usage of malgré Malgré introduces a circumstance that…
-
de… en…
The French structure de… en… is a prepositional construction that expresses progression, repetition, or gradual transition. Some common equivalents in English include “from… to…,” “more and more…,” or “over time.” This construction typically takes the form de + noun + en + (same or similar) noun, and it can be translated in several ways depending…
-
en meanings
The French word “en” is a versatile preposition and pronoun with multiple meanings. Here we examine several of its most important meanings. 1. “In” or “To” a Feminine Country/Region/Continent When referring to locations, “en” means “in” or “to” with feminine countries, regions, and continents. Exception: Masculine countries use “au” (au Canada), and plural countries use…
-
adjective + de + infinitive
In French, when an adjective is followed by an infinitive verb, the preposition de is frequently placed between them. This structure creates a direct relationship between the quality expressed by the adjective and the action denoted by the verb. Unlike the noun + de + infinitive construction, this pattern specifically links descriptive qualities to actions….
-
noun + de + infinitive
In French, when a noun is followed by an infinitive verb, the preposition de is placed between them. Examples Key Observations
-
après que v2.0
The French phrase “après que” translates to “after” in English and is used to introduce a subordinate clause indicating that one action follows another. While it may seem simple, its proper use in French involves some grammatical nuances. Key Grammar Rule: Indicative, Not Subjunctive One of the most common mistakes learners make with “après que”…
-
inside outside
To refer to being inside or outside of things in French, we use words like dans, hors, dedans, dehors, à l’intérieur, and à l’extérieur, along with related terms like là-dedans and là-dehors. 1. Dans Meaning: Usage: Examples: Etymology: 2. Hors Meaning: Usage: Examples: Etymology: 3. Dedans Meaning: Usage: Examples: Là-dedans Examples: Etymology: 4. Dehors Meaning:…
