should
The English word “should” expresses obligation, advice, expectation, probability, moral judgement, and hypothetical reasoning. French does not use a single equivalent. Translation depends on function, register, and time reference, most commonly using devoir, the conditional mood, the indicative, or impersonal constructions.
Obligation and strong recommendation
When “should” indicates obligation or a strong recommendation, French most often uses devoir.
Examples:
- Tu devrais partir maintenant. You should leave now.
- Il doit prévenir son patron. He should inform his boss.
- Nous devrions vérifier les chiffres. We should check the figures.
- Elle devait respecter les règles. She was supposed to follow the rules.
Alternatives:
- Il faut que tu partes. You have to leave.
- Tu as intérêt à partir. You would be wise to leave.
Advice and soft recommendation
When “should” is advisory rather than mandatory, French generally uses the conditional of devoir.
Examples:
- Tu devrais essayer ce restaurant. You should try this restaurant.
- Vous devriez vous reposer. You should get some rest.
- On devrait attendre un peu. We should wait a bit.
Alternatives:
- Il vaudrait mieux attendre. It would be better to wait.
- Ce serait préférable de partir tôt. It would be preferable to leave early.
Expectation or what is supposed to happen
“Should” often expresses what is expected, planned, or normal. French commonly uses devoir in the present conditional or imperfect, or an equivalent structure.
Examples:
- Le train devrait arriver à midi. The train should arrive at noon.
- Il devait être là à dix heures. He was supposed to be there at ten.
- Elle devrait recevoir une réponse bientôt. She should receive a reply soon.
Alternatives:
- Il est censé arriver à midi. He is supposed to arrive at noon.
- Normalement, il arrive à midi. Normally, he arrives at noon.
Probability or logical conclusion
Here “should” expresses a reasoned assumption rather than obligation. French typically uses devoir in the conditional.
Examples:
- Il devrait faire beau demain. It should be nice weather tomorrow.
- Elle devrait déjà être arrivée. She should already have arrived.
- Cela ne devrait pas poser de problème. That shouldn’t cause a problem.
Alternatives:
- Il est probable qu’il arrive. It is likely that he will arrive.
- Il est sans doute déjà là. He is probably already there.
Moral judgement or criticism
“Should” can express expected behaviour or moral evaluation. French usually uses devoir.
Examples:
- Il devrait avoir honte. He should be ashamed.
- Tu devrais penser aux autres. You should think about others.
- Ils devraient mieux se comporter. They should behave better.
Alternatives:
- Ce n’est pas normal de faire ça. It’s not normal to do that.
- Il serait temps de réagir. It’s about time to react.
Hypothetical or tentative reasoning
In hypothetical contexts, “should” introduces a tentative outcome or expectation. French uses the conditional.
Examples:
- Si tout va bien, ça devrait marcher. If everything goes well, it should work.
- Avec plus de temps, il devrait réussir. With more time, he should succeed.
- Dans ces conditions, on devrait y arriver. Under these conditions, we should manage.
Alternative:
- Il y a de fortes chances que ça marche. There’s a strong chance it will work.
“Should have” and unmet past expectations
When “should” refers to something expected in the past that did not happen, French uses the conditional past of devoir.
Examples:
- Il aurait dû appeler. He should have called.
- Nous aurions dû partir plus tôt. We should have left earlier.
- Elle aurait dû le savoir. She should have known.
Alternatives:
- C’était à lui d’appeler. It was up to him to call.
- Il fallait partir plus tôt. We should have left earlier.
Formal or written recommendations
In formal registers, “should” is often translated using impersonal constructions.
Examples:
- Il convient de vérifier les données. The data should be checked.
- Il est recommandé de sauvegarder les fichiers. You should back up the files.
- Il serait souhaitable de répondre rapidement. It would be advisable to reply quickly.
Cases where “should” is not translated directly
Some English uses of “should” are stylistic and require restructuring in French.
Examples:
- Pourquoi est-ce que je m’en soucierais. Why should I care.
- C’est étrange qu’il dise ça. It’s strange that he should say that.
- Si vous avez besoin d’aide, appelez-moi. Should you need help, call me.
Summary
- “Should” has several functions that French expresses through different verbs and structures.
- Devoir is the primary translation for obligation, advice, expectation, and probability.
- The conditional softens advice and expresses logical assumptions.
- Unmet past expectations use the conditional past of devoir.
- Formal contexts often prefer impersonal constructions.
- Some uses require reformulation rather than direct translation.
