lequel

The relative pronoun lequel and its variants (laquelle, lesquels, lesquelles, auquel, duquel, etc.) are used to refer to a previously mentioned noun while avoiding ambiguity. They are more precise than qui or que and are often employed in formal writing or when clarity is essential.

Forms of lequel

The pronoun lequel agrees in gender and number with the noun it replaces:

MasculineFeminine
lequel (singular)laquelle (singular)
lesquels (plural)lesquelles (plural)

When combined with prepositions, contractions occur:

Preposition + lequelContracted form
à + lequelauquel
de + lequelduquel
à + lesquels/lesquellesauxquels/auxquelles
de + lesquels/lesquellesdesquels/desquelles

Usage of lequel

1. Replacing indirect objects (after prepositions)

When the relative clause requires a preposition (such as à, de, pour, avec, sur), lequel is often used instead of qui or que.

Examples:

  • Voici le rapport sur lequel je travaille. (Here is the report on which I am working.)
  • C’est un problème auquel nous devons réfléchir. (This is a problem to which we must give thought.)
  • La personne à laquelle j’ai parlé était très gentille. (The person to whom I spoke was very kind.)

2. Avoiding ambiguity with qui

When qui could refer to either the subject or another noun, lequel provides clarity.

Examples:

  • *J’ai vu le fils de la voisine, lequel (not *qui) m’a salué. (I saw the neighbor’s son, who greeted me.)
  • (Here, lequel clearly refers to le fils, not la voisine.)

3. Formal or written French

Lequel is more common in formal writing, legal texts, or structured speech.

Examples:

  • Les documents auxquels vous faites référence sont perdus. (The documents to which you are referring are lost.)
  • L’entreprise pour laquelle il travaille est en crise. (The company for which he works is in crisis.)

4. After indefinite pronouns

When referring to indefinite pronouns like ceci, cela, or ce, lequel is sometimes used.

Examples:

  • Il a expliqué son idée, laquelle m’a semblé intéressante. (He explained his idea, which seemed interesting to me.)

Common mistakes to avoid

Using lequel instead of que/qui when unnecessary

  • Incorrect: Le livre lequel j’ai lu.
  • Correct: Le livre que j’ai lu. (The book that I read.)

Forgetting agreement

  • Incorrect: La table sur lequel j’ai posé le livre.
  • Correct: La table sur laquelle j’ai posé le livre. (The table on which I placed the book.)

Mixing up auquel/duquel

  • Incorrect: L’homme duquel j’ai parlé. (if meaning “to whom”)
  • Correct: L’homme auquel j’ai parlé. (The man to whom I spoke.)

Additional examples

  • Les raisons pour lesquelles il a démissionné restent floues. (The reasons for which he resigned remain unclear.)
  • L’arme avec laquelle le crime a été commis a été retrouvée. (The weapon with which the crime was committed has been found.)
  • Les pays dans lesquels il a voyagé sont nombreux. (The countries in which he has traveled are numerous.)

Don’t miss new articles!

Get 1 email a week with new articles about French

We don’t spam! Read more in our privacy policy

Similar Posts

  • moyen

    The word moyen in French can function as both an adjective (translating to “average” or “medium”) and a noun (translating to “means” or “resources”). 1. Moyen as an Adjective As an adjective, moyen means “average,” “medium,” or “moderate.” It agrees in gender and number with the noun it modifies: Usage Examples: 2. Le moyen (Singular…

  • tout à fait

    Tout à fait: Meaning, Uses, and Examples The French phrase “tout à fait” is a versatile expression that can mean “exactly,” “absolutely,” “quite so,” or “indeed,” along with a few other possible translations. Literal Meaning of “Tout à fait” Literally, “tout à fait” translates to “entirely” or “completely.” It’s composed of three words: Together, it…

  • être de retour

    Understanding the French Phrase être de retour The French phrase être de retour translates to “to be back” in English. It is used to indicate that someone or something has returned to a place or state. This expression is common in everyday conversation and can be applied in various contexts. Meaning and Usage Être de…

  • aussitôt & aussitôt que possible

    The French words aussitôt and aussitôt que possible are used to express immediacy or promptness. While they share similarities with English terms like “immediately” and “as soon as possible,” their usage follows specific grammatical patterns in French. 1. “Aussitôt” (immediately, right away) Aussitôt functions as an adverb meaning “immediately” or “right away.” It emphasizes that…

  • attendre que

    The French phrase “attendre que” is commonly used to mean “to wait until” or “to wait for (something to happen)”. It is used when someone is expecting or waiting for a certain action or event, often requiring the subjunctive mood for the verb that follows “que.” How “Attendre que” Differs from “Attendre” + Noun It’s…

  • imperative mood

    The imperative mood in French is used to give commands, make requests, or offer advice. It is only conjugated in the second-person singular (tu), first-person plural (nous), and second-person plural (vous). A key distinction exists between affirmative (eg, Do something) and negative (eg Don’t do something) imperatives, affecting both conjugation and word order. Affirmative Imperative…

Leave a Reply

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *