noun + de + infinitive
In French, when a noun is followed by an infinitive verb, the preposition de is placed between them. Examples Key Observations
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direct & indirect pronoun order
In French, it is common to use both a direct object pronoun (complément d’objet direct or COD) and an indirect object pronoun (complément d’objet indirect or COI) in the same sentence. These pronouns go before the verb, and they follow a specific order. To get the order right, you can use two simple rules. Rule…
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direct object pronouns
In French, a direct object is a noun that receives the action of the verb directly, without a preposition. The French term is complément d’objet direct, often abbreviated as COD. To avoid repeating the noun, we use direct object pronouns to replace it. A pronoun is a word that replaces a noun (ie a naming…
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subjunctive irregular verbs
While many French verbs form their present subjunctive by taking the third-person plural stem of the present indicative and adding standard endings, several important verbs are irregular and must be memorised. Below is a list of the main irregular verbs in the present subjunctive, each conjugated fully. être (to be) Note that when there is…
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Subjunctive regular verbs
The subjunctive mood in French can seem difficult at first, but forming it for regular verbs is quite simple. Once you understand the basic method, it becomes much easier to use. The subjunctive is formed by taking the third-person plural form (ils/elles) of the present indicative tense, removing the -ent ending, and adding the subjunctive…
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Subjunctive mood
The subjunctive is a verb mood that expresses actions or ideas that are subjective or uncertain. It can indicate doubt, necessity, emotion, or a desire rather than a straightforward statement of fact. Although it can seem complicated at first, the subjunctive is a normal and frequent part of everyday French. There are four moods in…
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Reflexive (pronominal) verbs
French reflexive verbs, also called pronominal verbs, are used when the subject of a sentence is also the object—when someone does something to themselves. These verbs are very common in everyday French and often describe actions related to daily routines, personal care, emotions, and social interactions. Many have both reflexive and non-reflexive forms, depending on…
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French Verbs of Leaving
In French, several verbs convey the idea of “leaving” in English, but they are not interchangeable. The verbs quitter, partir, and laisser each carry distinct meanings, grammatical constructions, and emotional nuances. Understanding their differences is essential for accurate and idiomatic usage. Quitter: To Leave (Someone or Something) The verb quitter is a transitive verb, meaning…
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eu pronunciation
If you’re learning French, you might find it odd that the past participle of avoir is eu [pronounced /y/], which rhymes with du [dy], vu [vy], and su [sy], but not with peut [pø] from the verb pouvoir. This might seem confusing at first, especially since both eu and peut come from verbs and are…
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dû
Why does “dû” have a circumflex accent, but not “eu”, “pu”, “su”, “vu”, or “voulu”? If you’ve studied French verbs, you’ve probably noticed that the past participle of devoir is dû, with a circumflex accent over the u. That might seem unusual when you compare it to other common past participles: None of these take…
