depending on

English uses “depending on” in many ways. It can mean “according to”, “based on”, “if this changes”, or “in relation to”. French does not use one fixed phrase for all these cases. The best choice depends on what follows, and on the kind of link between the two parts of the sentence.

The most common French forms are:

  • selon
  • suivant
  • dépendre de
  • en fonction de
  • suivant que
  • selon que
  • ça dépend de
  • tout dépend de

Some are neutral and common in speech. Others sound formal, technical, or literary.

Selon

Selon is often the simplest and most natural way to translate “depending on” when the meaning is “according to” or “based on”.

It comes from Latin secundum, meaning “following” or “in accordance with”.

Basic use

Selon is followed by a noun or pronoun.

Examples:

  • Selon la météo, il va pleuvoir demain. “According to the weather forecast, it will rain tomorrow.”
  • Le prix change selon la saison. “The price changes depending on the season.”
  • Selon les personnes, les réactions peuvent varier. “Depending on the person, reactions may vary.”
  • Nous choisissons le vin selon le repas. “We choose the wine depending on the meal.”

Meaning range

Selon can mean:

  • according to
  • depending on
  • based on
  • in the view of

Examples:

  • Selon Marie, le film était excellent. “According to Marie, the film was excellent.”
  • Les horaires varient selon les jours. “The times vary depending on the day.”

Common patterns

Selon + noun

  • Selon l’âge
  • Selon le contexte
  • Selon la situation

Examples:

  • Les règles changent selon le pays. “The rules change depending on the country.”
  • Le ton varie selon le public. “The tone changes depending on the audience.”

Synonyms and related forms

  • suivant
  • en fonction de
  • d’après in some cases

Suivant

Suivant can also mean “depending on” or “according to”. It comes from the verb suivre, meaning “to follow”.

It is less common than selon in modern spoken French, but still widely used.

Examples:

  • Le résultat change suivant les conditions. “The result changes depending on the conditions.”
  • Suivant les régions, le mot peut avoir un autre sens. “Depending on the region, the word may have another meaning.”

Tone and style

Suivant often sounds slightly more formal or written than selon.

In many cases, the two can replace each other:

  • Selon les cas
  • Suivant les cas

Both mean “depending on the case”.

En fonction de

En fonction de means “as a function of”, “based on”, or “depending on”.

It is common in formal speech, business language, science, and administration.

Examples:

  • Le salaire varie en fonction de l’expérience. “The salary varies depending on experience.”
  • Nous adapterons le programme en fonction des besoins. “We will adapt the program depending on the needs.”
  • Les tarifs sont calculés en fonction du poids. “The rates are calculated depending on weight.”

Tone

This phrase is more formal and less direct than selon.

Compare:

  • Le prix change selon la saison. “The price changes depending on the season.”
  • Le prix change en fonction de la saison. “The price changes depending on the season.”

The second sounds more formal or technical.

Related expressions

  • en tenant compte de “taking into account”
  • d’après
  • sur la base de

Dépendre de

French often uses the verb dépendre de directly instead of a phrase like “depending on”.

Examples:

  • Tout dépend du temps. “Everything depends on the weather.”
  • Cela dépend de toi. “That depends on you.”
  • Le choix dépend de plusieurs facteurs. “The choice depends on several factors.”

Very common spoken form

Ça dépend de is extremely common in everyday French.

Examples:

  • Ça dépend du prix. “It depends on the price.”
  • Ça dépend de ce que tu veux. “It depends on what you want.”
  • Ça dépend des jours. “It depends on the day.”

With clauses

French often prefers a full clause where English uses “depending on”.

English:
“Depending on the weather, we may leave early.”

Natural French:

  • S’il fait mauvais, nous partirons peut-être tôt. “If the weather is bad, we may leave early.”
  • Tout dépendra du temps. “It will all depend on the weather.”

Selon que

Selon que means “depending on whether”.

It introduces a clause with a verb.

Examples:

  • Selon qu’il pleut ou non, nous sortirons. “Depending on whether it rains or not, we will go out.”
  • Le sens change selon qu’on utilise ce mot au singulier ou au pluriel. “The meaning changes depending on whether one uses this word in the singular or plural.”

Style

This form is correct and common in careful writing, but less frequent in casual speech.

Suivant que

Suivant que works much like selon que.

Examples:

  • Suivant qu’il est fatigué ou non, il devient très calme ou très bavard. “Depending on whether he is tired or not, he becomes very quiet or very talkative.”

It often sounds literary or formal today.

Depending on + noun

English often uses “depending on” before a noun. French has several ways to deal with this.

According to the context

Examples:

  • Selon le contexte “Depending on the context”
  • En fonction du contexte “Depending on the context”
  • Suivant le contexte “Depending on the context”

Depending on the person

Examples:

  • Selon les personnes “Depending on the person”
  • D’une personne à l’autre “From one person to another”

Example sentence:

  • Les goûts changent d’une personne à l’autre. “Tastes change depending on the person.”

Depending on + question word

English often says:

  • depending on what
  • depending on where
  • depending on how

French usually uses ce que, , comment, or a full clause.

Examples:

  • Ça dépend de ce que tu veux faire. “It depends on what you want to do.”
  • Le prix change selon où vous allez. “The price changes depending on where you go.”
  • Tout dépend de la façon dont on le comprend. “Everything depends on how one understands it.”

Depending on whether

French usually uses:

  • selon que
  • suivant que
  • selon si in informal speech

Examples:

  • Selon qu’il accepte ou refuse, nous changerons nos plans. “Depending on whether he accepts or refuses, we will change our plans.”
  • Ça change selon si tu es seul ou en groupe. “It changes depending on whether you are alone or in a group.”

Note on selon si

Some speakers use selon si in casual French. Traditional grammar books often prefer selon que.

Fixed expressions

Tout dépend de

Very common.

Examples:

  • Tout dépend de la situation. “Everything depends on the situation.”
  • Tout dépend du budget. “Everything depends on the budget.”

Ça dépend

Very common in speech.

Examples:

  • Tu viens demain ? Ça dépend. “Are you coming tomorrow? It depends.”
  • Ça dépend de l’heure. “It depends on the time.”

Selon les cas

Examples:

  • Selon les cas, le traitement peut durer plusieurs mois. “Depending on the case, the treatment may last several months.”

Choosing the right form

Use selon when:

  • the meaning is “according to”
  • the style is neutral
  • a noun follows

Examples:

  • Selon le journal
  • Selon les circonstances

Use en fonction de when:

  • the style is formal
  • the meaning is “based on”
  • there is a practical or measurable link

Examples:

  • En fonction du budget
  • En fonction des résultats

Use ça dépend de or tout dépend de in speech

Examples:

  • Ça dépend de toi.
  • Tout dépend du moment.

Use selon que when a clause follows

Example:

  • Selon qu’il est libre ou non… “Depending on whether he is free or not…”

Common translation traps

Overusing dépendant de

English speakers sometimes try to translate “depending on” with dépendant de.

This is often awkward in French.

Less natural:

  • Dépendant du temps, nous sortirons.

More natural:

  • Selon le temps, nous sortirons.
  • Tout dépendra du temps.

Translating too literally

French often prefers a simpler structure.

English:
“Depending on the weather, the event may be cancelled.”

Natural French:

  • L’événement pourra être annulé selon la météo. “The event may be cancelled depending on the weather.”
  • Si le temps est mauvais, l’événement pourra être annulé. “If the weather is bad, the event may be cancelled.”

Summary

The main French translations of “depending on” are:

  • selon for neutral, everyday use
  • suivant for a slightly more formal or written tone
  • en fonction de for formal or technical language
  • dépendre de for direct statements about dependence
  • selon que and suivant que before clauses

French often avoids a direct word-for-word match and instead uses a full sentence with si, ça dépend, or tout dépend.

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