In French, the letter e in the middle of a word is not always sounded. Sometimes you say it, sometimes you don’t. This depends on how the word is built and how fast the speaker is talking. The same rules apply to everyday words and to verbs in different tenses, including the future. The basic…
French words that end in -er fall into two groups. The first group sounds like é at the end. The second sounds like ère. The difference follows clear patterns. Verbs in the infinitive All French verbs whose infinitive form ends in -er are pronounced with the é sound. This applies to thousands of verbs across…
In modern French, the letter combination ch can represent two different sounds: a soft sound pronounced [ʃ], as in chat, and a hard sound pronounced [k], as in chaos. The difference between architecte with a soft ch and archéologue with a hard ch is not random. It comes from the historical origin of the word,…
Accented letters in French are essential for correct pronunciation and often carry historical significance. The five main diacritical marks in French are the acute accent (é), grave accent (è), circumflex (ê), tréma (ë), and cedilla (ç). Each affects pronunciation, and some even reveal fascinating linguistic evolution—particularly the acute and circumflex accents, which often replace a…
One of the trickiest aspects of French pronunciation for learners is liaison – the smooth linking of a normally silent final consonant to the beginning of the following word when that word starts with a vowel or a silent “h”. Knowing when to do a liaison and when to avoid it is key to sounding…
Some French words, like contact, have a clearly pronounced -ct, while others, like aspect, have a silent -ct. This difference is due to phonetic evolution, word stress, and borrowing history. 1. The Role of Stress and Borrowing History 2. When is -CT Pronounced in French? The -ct is pronounced when: 3. When is -CT Silent?…
The letter “c” can be pronounced in two different ways in French. It can be hard, like the first “c” in the word “coriace,” meaning “tough,” “leathery,” or “hard-headed,” pronounced [KOH REE AHSS]. Or it can be soft, like the last “c” in “coriace.” How do you know whether a “c” will be hard or…
The letter “g” can be pronounced in two different ways in French. It can be hard, like the first “g” in the word “garage,” which is both a French word and an English word. Or it can be soft, like the last “g” in “garage.” How do you know whether a “g” will be hard…
When “em” and “en” are used as prefixes (meaning at the start of a word) in French, they are always nasal vowels. Prefix Example Phonetics Audio em- emmener ɑ̃mne emmener em- empirer ɑ̃piʀe empirer en- enamourer ɑ̃namuʀe enamourer en- ennuyer ɑ̃nɥije ennuyer But be careful “én” (with an acute accent) is not the same as…
How do you pronounce the letters “im” or “in” when they occur at the start of a word in French? Are they nasal or not? As you can see in the two tables below, the rules are simple. “im” or “in” plus a consonant are nasal. But “imm,” “inn,” “im + vowel,” or “in +…