sur & sous

Sur and sous are common French prepositions. They often translate as on and under. Start with place, then learn a few key extended uses.


Sur

  • Le livre est sur la table. “The book is on the table.”
  • Le chat est sur le canapé. “The cat is on the sofa.”
  • Il y a une photo sur le mur. “There is a photo on the wall.”
  • Elle pose son sac sur la chaise. “She puts her bag on the chair.”
  • Il monte sur le toit. “He climbs onto the roof.”
  • Un livre sur la France. “A book about France.”
  • Un film sur la guerre. “A film about the war.”
  • Un cours sur le passé composé. “A lesson on the past tense.”
  • Compter sur quelqu’un. “To rely on someone.”
  • Se baser sur des faits. “To base oneself on facts.”
  • Ils sont sur dix personnes. “They are about ten people.”
  • Le travail dure sur deux jours. “The work lasts about two days.”

Alternatives to sur

  • à propos de for about
  • au sujet de for about
  • environ for about, approximate number
  • pendant for duration

Sous

  • Le chat est sous la table. “The cat is under the table.”
  • Il est sous le lit. “He is under the bed.”
  • Le village est sous la neige. “The village is under the snow.”
  • Il passe sous le pont. “He goes under the bridge.”
  • Elle glisse la lettre sous la porte. “She slides the letter under the door.”
  • Sous le contrôle de la police. “Under police control.”
  • Sous la direction de Marie. “Under the direction of Marie.”
  • Sous pression. “Under pressure.”
  • Sous menace. “Under threat.”
  • Sous zéro. “Below zero.”
  • Sous la moyenne. “Below average.”

Alternatives to sous

  • en dessous de for under
  • au-dessous de for formal use
  • sous l’autorité de for control

Sur vs sous side by side

  • Le livre est sur la table. “The book is on the table.”
  • Le livre est sous la table. “The book is under the table.”
  • Un livre sur la politique. “A book about politics.”
  • Un pays sous pression. “A country under pressure.”

Summary

  • Sur often shows contact or focus
  • Sous shows a lower position or control
  • Both are used in many everyday expressions

Don’t miss new articles!

Get 1 email a week with new articles about French

We don’t spam! Read more in our privacy policy

Similar Posts

  • quoi at sentence end

    In conversational French, quoi is often placed at the end of a statement that is not a question. It does not carry its literal meaning of “what.” Instead, it softens statements, signals resignation, emphasises a point, or adds an informal tone. It appears frequently in speech but rarely in formal writing. Core functions of final…

  • savoir vs connaître

    The French verbs savoir and connaître both relate to knowledge, but they are used in different ways. In general, savoir means “to know a fact,” “to know how,” or “to know information.” Connaître means “to know” a person, place, thing, or subject because you are familiar with it. Choosing the right verb is one of…

  • régler

    The French verb “régler” is a word that can be used in various contexts, each with a slightly different nuance. Understanding its diverse meanings and usage is key to mastering this important verb in the French language. Primary meanings and usage “Régler” has several core meanings that reflect its flexibility: 1. To settle or pay…

  • irregular past participles

    The past participle (participe passé) is a key component of many French verb tenses. While most French verbs form their past participles regularly (-é, -i, or -u endings), some of the most common verbs have irregular past participles. Here are the 30 most frequently used irregular past participles, along with pronunciation guides and examples in…

  • non plus

    The French phrase “non plus” serves as a negative equivalent to “aussi” (also/too), functioning similarly to the English “neither” or “not… either”. It is exclusively used in negative constructions to indicate that a statement applies equally to someone else. Basic structure “Non plus” typically appears at the end of a negative sentence, following this pattern:Subject…

  • starboard & port

    In French, tribord and bâbord are the nautical terms for “starboard” and “port.” These words are used to describe the right and left sides of a ship when facing forward. Meanings and Usage Etymology Contrast with English In English, “starboard” and “port” serve the same function, but the origins differ slightly: