sur & sous

Sur and sous are common French prepositions. They often translate as on and under. Start with place, then learn a few key extended uses.


Sur

  • Le livre est sur la table. “The book is on the table.”
  • Le chat est sur le canapé. “The cat is on the sofa.”
  • Il y a une photo sur le mur. “There is a photo on the wall.”
  • Elle pose son sac sur la chaise. “She puts her bag on the chair.”
  • Il monte sur le toit. “He climbs onto the roof.”
  • Un livre sur la France. “A book about France.”
  • Un film sur la guerre. “A film about the war.”
  • Un cours sur le passé composé. “A lesson on the past tense.”
  • Compter sur quelqu’un. “To rely on someone.”
  • Se baser sur des faits. “To base oneself on facts.”
  • Ils sont sur dix personnes. “They are about ten people.”
  • Le travail dure sur deux jours. “The work lasts about two days.”

Alternatives to sur

  • à propos de for about
  • au sujet de for about
  • environ for about, approximate number
  • pendant for duration

Sous

  • Le chat est sous la table. “The cat is under the table.”
  • Il est sous le lit. “He is under the bed.”
  • Le village est sous la neige. “The village is under the snow.”
  • Il passe sous le pont. “He goes under the bridge.”
  • Elle glisse la lettre sous la porte. “She slides the letter under the door.”
  • Sous le contrôle de la police. “Under police control.”
  • Sous la direction de Marie. “Under the direction of Marie.”
  • Sous pression. “Under pressure.”
  • Sous menace. “Under threat.”
  • Sous zéro. “Below zero.”
  • Sous la moyenne. “Below average.”

Alternatives to sous

  • en dessous de for under
  • au-dessous de for formal use
  • sous l’autorité de for control

Sur vs sous side by side

  • Le livre est sur la table. “The book is on the table.”
  • Le livre est sous la table. “The book is under the table.”
  • Un livre sur la politique. “A book about politics.”
  • Un pays sous pression. “A country under pressure.”

Summary

  • Sur often shows contact or focus
  • Sous shows a lower position or control
  • Both are used in many everyday expressions

Don’t miss new articles!

Get 1 email a week with new articles about French

We don’t spam! Read more in our privacy policy

Similar Posts

  • cheval, chevaux

    In modern French, most nouns and adjectives ending in -al form their plural in -aux. This pattern is highly productive and applies to a large majority of common words. There are, however, a small number of well established exceptions, mainly nouns, and a very limited set of adjectives that take a regular -s plural instead….

  • reflexive verbs imperative

    The imperative mood in French is used to give commands, make requests, or offer advice. When using reflexive verbs (verbes pronominaux) in the imperative, the word order and placement of reflexive pronouns change depending on whether the command is affirmative or negative. 1. Affirmative Imperative with Reflexive Verbs In affirmative commands, the reflexive pronoun follows…

  • corner

    English uses the word corner in several ways. It can mean the place where two walls meet, the point where two streets meet, the edge of a room, or a quiet or hidden spot. French does not rely on a single word for all these uses. The most common translations are le coin and l’angle….

  • être de retour

    Understanding the French Phrase être de retour The French phrase être de retour translates to “to be back” in English. It is used to indicate that someone or something has returned to a place or state. This expression is common in everyday conversation and can be applied in various contexts. Meaning and Usage Être de…

  • tromper & se tromper

    The French verb tromper and its reflexive counterpart se tromper have distinct meanings and uses. While tromper generally means “to deceive” or “to cheat,” the reflexive form se tromper means “to make a mistake.” Meaning and Usage of “Tromper” 1. “Tromper” as “To Deceive” The most common meaning of tromper is “to deceive” or “to…

  • faire en sorte que

    “Faire en sorte que” is a versatile French expression that often challenges language learners because it doesn’t have a direct word-for-word translation in English. Literal Translation The expression breaks down as: So literally, it means “to make in such a way that” or “to do in such a manner that.” Figurative Translations In practical usage,…