French expresses obligation through several common structures. The most frequent tools are devoir, falloir, être obligé de, and impersonal expressions built with être nécessaire de or similar forms. Each conveys the idea that an action is required, but they differ in whether the subject is personal, impersonal, or formal. Devoir Devoir is the most common…
English speakers often use the passive voice to focus on the receiver of an action rather than the doer. A passive sentence in English typically uses a form of “to be” plus a past participle, sometimes with “by + agent.” Examples: “The door was opened,” “The report was written by the team,” “He was given…
The passé récent, or recent past, is a verb construction used to describe an action that happened a short time before the moment of speaking. It is the equivalent of the english structure “just did something” or “has just done something.” It is a common and useful alternative to the passé composé for emphasizing the…
Jusqu’à is a common French preposition meaning “until,” “up to,” or “as far as,” depending on context. It expresses a limit in time, space, quantity, or extent. Its form changes slightly when combined with certain words, producing variants such as jusqu’au, jusqu’aux, jusqu’en, and jusqu’à ce que. 1. Temporal use: “until” When referring to time,…
The English verb “to confuse” and the adjective “confusing” can translate in several ways in French, depending on whether the meaning concerns mental uncertainty, a mix-up, or something that causes bewilderment. The main French verbs are confondre, embrouiller, troubler, dérouter, and brouiller. The common adjectives are confus(e), embrouillant(e), déroutant(e), and troublant(e). 1. “To confuse” meaning…
The English word “such” can express similarity, degree, or type, and it appears in several common structures: such a person, such times, such an interesting idea, I’ve never seen such beauty, at such a price, etc. In French, no single word covers all these uses. The most frequent equivalents are tel / telle / tels…
The impersonal French expression il s’agit de is extremely common in both formal and neutral language. It does not translate neatly into English, because its meaning depends on context. It can correspond to “it is about,” “it concerns,” “it is a question of,” “it involves,” or “it’s a matter of.” The literal meaning (“it acts…
The French phrase faire voir literally means “to make see.” It combines the verb faire (to make, to do) with voir (to see). Its core idea is causing someone to see something—whether literally, figuratively, or idiomatically. The expression is widely used in both formal and informal French, often with meanings extending beyond its literal sense….
The French phrase faire savoir means “to let someone know,” “to inform,” or “to make known.” It is a versatile expression used in both formal and informal contexts. Its structure is formed by the verb faire (to do/make) followed by the infinitive savoir (to know), and it often requires an indirect object to indicate the…
In French, the word français can appear either with or without the definite article le. The choice depends on how the word is used grammatically—whether you are talking about using the language or about the language itself. 1. Français without “le” You use français without the article when it functions as a complement, typically after…