Ordinal numbers

Ordinal numbers indicate order or rank, such as “first,” “second,” and “third.” In French, they are usually formed by adding -ième to the corresponding cardinal number.

Formation of Ordinal Numbers

  1. First – premier / première
    The French word for “first” is premier (masculine) or première (feminine). Example:
    • C’est mon premier jour de travail. (It’s my first day of work.)
    • Voici la première fois que je viens ici. (This is the first time I’ve come here.)
  2. Other ordinal numbers
    For most other numbers, add -ième to the cardinal number. If the number ends in e, drop it before adding -ième.
    • Deux → deuxième (second)
    • Trois → troisième (third)
    • Quatre → quatrième (fourth)
    • Cinq → cinquième (fifth) (cinq changes to cinquième for euphony)
    • Neuf → neuvième (ninth) (neuf changes to neuvième)
  3. Twentieth and Beyond
    • Vingt → vingtième (twentieth)
    • Trente → trentième (thirtieth)
    • Cent → centième (hundredth)
  4. Numbers with multiple digits
    Only the last number in a compound number takes the -ième suffix:
    • Vingt et un → vingt et unième (twenty-first)
    • Quarante-trois → quarante-troisième (forty-third)

Usage Examples

Ordinal numbers are commonly used in ranking and sequences:

  • C’est mon deuxième essai. (This is my second try.)
  • Il habite au cinquième étage. (He lives on the fifth floor.)
  • Napoléon Ier était un empereur français. (Napoleon I was a French emperor.)

Exceptions and Special Cases

  • Premier and première are used instead of unième.
  • Deuxième and second both mean “second,” but second is preferred when only two items exist (e.g., “the second and last round” → le second et dernier tour).

Don’t miss new articles!

Get 1 email a week with new articles about French

We don’t spam! Read more in our privacy policy

Similar Posts

  • loger vs se loger

    “Loger” is a transitive verb meaning to accommodate, house, or provide lodging for someone or something. The subject provides housing to the object. “Se loger” is a reflexive verb meaning to find accommodation, to house oneself, or to settle somewhere. The subject finds or secures housing for themselves. Key structural differences Loger (transitive) This verb…

  • lors de

    Understanding the French Phrase “lors de” The phrase “lors de” is a formal preposition in French that translates to “during”, “at the time of”, or “on the occasion of” in English. It is often used in written or formal speech to refer to a specific event or moment in time. Unlike “pendant”, which can imply…

  • vin pronunciation

    The pronunciation of the French word vin (wine) is a classic example of the evolution of French nasal vowels. While the spelling has remained static for centuries, the actual sound produced by native speakers has shifted significantly, particularly in Metropolitan France. Here is a detailed breakdown of the traditional versus contemporary pronunciations. 1. Traditional Pronunciation…

  • à peu près

    The French expression “à peu près” is a versatile phrase that translates to “approximately,” “more or less,” or “roughly” in English. It is used to indicate an approximation, an estimation, or a lack of precision in statements. The phrase can be applied in various contexts, from time and quantity to descriptions and opinions. One common…

  • expression of quantity + à + infinitive

    French frequently combines expressions of quantity with an infinitive to describe tasks, obligations, potential actions, or intended outcomes. These constructions are especially common with avoir, but avoir is not a grammatical requirement. The governing verb can vary, provided it can introduce a noun phrase that the infinitive logically modifies. 1. The core structure The general…

  • to raise

    The English verb “to raise” can mean many different things depending on the context. In French, several verbs are used, including “élever,” “lever,” “augmenter,” “soulever,” and “susciter.” Élever “Élever” is most often used when speaking of raising children or animals. It can also be used for raising plants or even abstract things like the level…