Ordinal numbers

Ordinal numbers indicate order or rank, such as “first,” “second,” and “third.” In French, they are usually formed by adding -ième to the corresponding cardinal number.

Formation of Ordinal Numbers

  1. First – premier / première
    The French word for “first” is premier (masculine) or première (feminine). Example:
    • C’est mon premier jour de travail. (It’s my first day of work.)
    • Voici la première fois que je viens ici. (This is the first time I’ve come here.)
  2. Other ordinal numbers
    For most other numbers, add -ième to the cardinal number. If the number ends in e, drop it before adding -ième.
    • Deux → deuxième (second)
    • Trois → troisième (third)
    • Quatre → quatrième (fourth)
    • Cinq → cinquième (fifth) (cinq changes to cinquième for euphony)
    • Neuf → neuvième (ninth) (neuf changes to neuvième)
  3. Twentieth and Beyond
    • Vingt → vingtième (twentieth)
    • Trente → trentième (thirtieth)
    • Cent → centième (hundredth)
  4. Numbers with multiple digits
    Only the last number in a compound number takes the -ième suffix:
    • Vingt et un → vingt et unième (twenty-first)
    • Quarante-trois → quarante-troisième (forty-third)

Usage Examples

Ordinal numbers are commonly used in ranking and sequences:

  • C’est mon deuxième essai. (This is my second try.)
  • Il habite au cinquième étage. (He lives on the fifth floor.)
  • Napoléon Ier était un empereur français. (Napoleon I was a French emperor.)

Exceptions and Special Cases

  • Premier and première are used instead of unième.
  • Deuxième and second both mean “second,” but second is preferred when only two items exist (e.g., “the second and last round” → le second et dernier tour).

Don’t miss new articles!

Get 1 email a week with new articles about French

We don’t spam! Read more in our privacy policy

Similar Posts

  • dire à

    The French verb dire requires an indirect object introduced by à when the recipient of the message is expressed. This is not optional. Whether the recipient appears as a noun, a stressed pronoun, or an indirect object pronoun, dire always governs à for the person to whom something is said. Understanding this rule is essential…

  • -ate verbs become -er

    Many English verbs ending in -ate have close French matches ending in -er. This is one of the most useful links between English and French verbs. In many cases the words come from the same Latin root, but French usually kept a simpler verb ending while English later developed -ate forms. Examples such as operate…

  • none of your business

    The English expressions “none of your business” and “none of my business” can be translated into French in several ways depending on the level of formality and the tone. French offers both direct, informal equivalents and more polite or neutral alternatives. None of your business The most common informal way to say “none of your…

  • faire causatif

    The French causative construction, known as faire causatif, is a grammatical structure used to express that someone causes another person or thing to perform an action. Examples in English are phrases like “I’ll have him do that” or “She’s getting her dress dry cleaned.” It is formed using the verb faire (to make or to…

  • -ical becomes -ique

    A large number of French adjectives ending in -ique line up neatly with English adjectives ending in “-ical”. Électrique matches “electrical”, pratique matches “practical”, and politique matches “political”. The match is so regular that a learner can often guess the French word for an English “-ical” adjective simply by dropping the “-al” and adjusting the…

  • Liaison

    One of the trickiest aspects of French pronunciation for learners is liaison – the smooth linking of a normally silent final consonant to the beginning of the following word when that word starts with a vowel or a silent “h”. Knowing when to do a liaison and when to avoid it is key to sounding…